feat: 增加sec 积分解释
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@ -265,6 +265,30 @@ $$
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\int \cot x \, dx = \ln|\sin x| + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \sec x \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \csc x \, dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \sec^2 x \, dx = \tan x + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \csc^2 x \, dx = -\cot x + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \sec x \tan x \, dx = \sec x + C
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$$
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$$
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\int \csc x \cot x \, dx = -\csc x + C
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$$
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#### 万能代换
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令 $t = \tan\frac{x}{2}$,则:
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@ -285,6 +309,55 @@ $$
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\int \cos^n x \, dx = \frac{\cos^{n-1} x \sin x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int \cos^{n-2} x \, dx
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$$
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$$
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\int \sec^n x \, dx = \frac{\sec^{n-2} x \tan x}{n-1} + \frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \sec^{n-2} x \, dx \quad (n \neq 1)
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$$
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$$
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\int \csc^n x \, dx = -\frac{\csc^{n-2} x \cot x}{n-1} + \frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \csc^{n-2} x \, dx \quad (n \neq 1)
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$$
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**secⁿ 递推公式推导**(分部积分法):
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设 $I_n = \int \sec^n x \, dx$,改写为 $\int \sec^{n-2} x \cdot \sec^2 x \, dx$。
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令 $u = \sec^{n-2} x$,$dv = \sec^2 x \, dx$,则:
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$$
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du = (n-2)\sec^{n-2} x \tan x \, dx,\quad v = \tan x
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$$
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代入分部积分公式 $\int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du$:
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$$
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\begin{aligned}
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I_n &= \sec^{n-2} x \tan x - \int \tan x \cdot (n-2)\sec^{n-2} x \tan x \, dx \\
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&= \sec^{n-2} x \tan x - (n-2)\int \sec^{n-2} x \tan^2 x \, dx
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\end{aligned}
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$$
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利用 $\tan^2 x = \sec^2 x - 1$:
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$$
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I_n = \sec^{n-2} x \tan x - (n-2)\int \sec^{n-2} x (\sec^2 x - 1) \, dx
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$$
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$$
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I_n = \sec^{n-2} x \tan x - (n-2) I_n + (n-2) I_{n-2}
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$$
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移项合并 $I_n$ 项:
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$$
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(n-1) I_n = \sec^{n-2} x \tan x + (n-2) I_{n-2}
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$$
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$$
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\boxed{I_n = \frac{\sec^{n-2} x \tan x}{n-1} + \frac{n-2}{n-1} I_{n-2}}
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$$
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需要两个初始条件:
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- $I_1 = \int \sec x \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$
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- $I_2 = \int \sec^2 x \, dx = \tan x + C$
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**cscⁿ 递推公式推导**类似,利用 $\cot^2 x = \csc^2 x - 1$。
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#### 积化和差
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$$
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