feat: 增加积分公式
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@ -148,6 +148,45 @@ $$
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\end{aligned}
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$$
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### 要点 04 - sec x、csc x 的积分与转换关系
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#### 基本定义
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$$\sec x = \frac{1}{\cos x}, \quad \csc x = \frac{1}{\sin x}$$
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#### 常用恒等式(转换关系)
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$$\begin{aligned}
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&\sec^2 x = 1 + \tan^2 x \\
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&\csc^2 x = 1 + \cot^2 x \\
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&\sec x \cdot \csc x = \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x} = \frac{2}{\sin 2x} \\
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&\sec^2 x - \tan^2 x = 1 \\
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&\csc^2 x - \cot^2 x = 1
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\end{aligned}$$
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#### 基本积分公式
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**推导方法**(分子分母策略):
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$$\int \sec x \, dx = \int \sec x \cdot \frac{\sec x + \tan x}{\sec x + \tan x} \, dx = \int \frac{\sec^2 x + \sec x \tan x}{\sec x + \tan x} \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$$
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---
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**推导方法**(类似地):
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$$\int \csc x \, dx = \int \csc x \cdot \frac{\csc x - \cot x}{\csc x - \cot x} \, dx = \int \frac{\csc^2 x - \csc x \cot x}{\csc x - \cot x} \, dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C$$
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#### 其他常用积分
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$$
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\begin{aligned}
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\int \sec^2 x \, dx &= \tan x + C \\
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\int \csc^2 x \, dx &= -\cot x + C \\
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\int \sec x \tan x \, dx &= \sec x + C \\
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\int \csc x \cot x \, dx &= -\csc x + C \\
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\end{aligned}
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$$
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### 知识点
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- 莱布尼兹公式
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- 隐函数存在定理
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@ -155,3 +194,5 @@ $$
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- 参数方程求导
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- 曲率的定义
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- 曲率圆与曲率半径
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- sec x、csc x 的积分公式
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- 三角函数转换恒等式
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