feat: 增加积分公式
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@ -14,7 +14,37 @@ $$
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\int_a^b f(x)dx = \lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{i=1}^n f(a + \frac{(b-a) i}{n} ) \frac{b-a}{n}
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$$
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### 要点 02 - sec x、csc x 的积分
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#### 基本积分公式
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$$\int \sec x \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$$
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**推导方法**(分子分母策略):
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$$\int \sec x \, dx = \int \sec x \cdot \frac{\sec x + \tan x}{\sec x + \tan x} \, dx = \int \frac{\sec^2 x + \sec x \tan x}{\sec x + \tan x} \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$$
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---
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$$\int \csc x \, dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C$$
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**推导方法**(类似地):
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$$\int \csc x \, dx = \int \csc x \cdot \frac{\csc x - \cot x}{\csc x - \cot x} \, dx = \int \frac{\csc^2 x - \csc x \cot x}{\csc x - \cot x} \, dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C$$
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#### 其他常用积分
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$$\begin{aligned}
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\int \sec^2 x \, dx &= \tan x + C \\
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\int \csc^2 x \, dx &= -\cot x + C \\
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\int \sec x \tan x \, dx &= \sec x + C \\
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\int \csc x \cot x \, dx &= -\csc x + C \\
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\int \sec^3 x \, dx &= \frac{1}{2}(\sec x \tan x + \ln|\sec x + \tan x|) + C \\
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\int \csc^3 x \, dx &= \frac{1}{2}(-\csc x \cot x + \ln|\csc x + \cot x|) + C
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\end{aligned}$$
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### 知识点
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- 定积分的定义
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- 黎曼和与积分的关系
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- 均匀分割技巧
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- sec x、csc x 的积分公式
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