refactor: 修改实验步骤

experiment/code/base.py

@@ -10,11 +10,32 @@ from typing import List, Dict, Optional
 
 @dataclass
 class Process:
-    """进程数据结构"""
+    """进程数据结构
+    
+    新增 IO 模拟字段:
+        cpu_bursts: CPU 计算时间段列表 (交替: CPU->IO->CPU->IO...)
+        io_bursts: IO 操作时间段列表
+        io_wait: 进程在 IO 设备上等待的时间 (阻塞时间)
+        
+    示例:
+        cpu_bursts = [5, 3, 2]  # 3段CPU计算时间
+        io_bursts = [2, 1]      # 2次IO操作
+        进程执行顺序: CPU(5) -> IO(2) -> CPU(3) -> IO(1) -> CPU(2)
+    """
     pid: str
     arrival_time: int = 0
-    burst_time: int = 0
+    burst_time: int = 0  # 总CPU时间 = sum(cpu_bursts)
     priority: int = 0  # 数值越小优先级越高
+    
+    # ========== 新增 IO 模拟字段 ==========
+    cpu_bursts: List[int] = field(default_factory=list)  # CPU计算时间段
+    io_bursts: List[int] = field(default_factory=list)   # IO操作时间段
+    io_wait: int = 0  # IO设备等待时间
+    is_io_bound: bool = False  # 是否为IO密集型进程
+    starts_with_io: bool = False  # 是否以IO开始（默认False=先CPU）
+    # =====================================
+    
+    # 调度相关状态
     remaining_time: int = field(default=0)
     start_time: int = -1
     completion_time: int = 0
@@ -22,9 +43,28 @@ class Process:
     turnaround_time: int = 0
     weighted_turnaround_time: float = 0.0  # 带权周转时间 = 周转时间/服务时间
     response_time: int = 0
+    io_blocked_time: int = 0  # 因等待IO而阻塞的时间
     
     def __post_init__(self):
         self.remaining_time = self.burst_time
+        # 如果没有指定 cpu_bursts，使用 burst_time 作为单段CPU时间
+        if not self.cpu_bursts and self.burst_time > 0:
+            self.cpu_bursts = [self.burst_time]
+    
+    @property
+    def total_cpu_time(self) -> int:
+        """总CPU计算时间"""
+        return sum(self.cpu_bursts) if self.cpu_bursts else self.burst_time
+    
+    @property
+    def total_io_time(self) -> int:
+        """总IO操作时间"""
+        return sum(self.io_bursts) if self.io_bursts else 0
+    
+    @property
+    def num_io_operations(self) -> int:
+        """IO操作次数"""
+        return len(self.io_bursts)
     
     def reset(self):
         """重置进程状态"""
@@ -35,18 +75,92 @@ class Process:
         self.turnaround_time = 0
         self.weighted_turnaround_time = 0.0
         self.response_time = 0
+        self.io_blocked_time = 0
 
 
 class ProcessScheduler:
-    """进程调度器基类"""
+    """进程调度器基类 (支持IO模拟)"""
+    
+    # 进程状态
+    STATUS_NEW = 'NEW'
+    STATUS_READY = 'READY'
+    STATUS_RUNNING = 'RUNNING'
+    STATUS_IO_WAIT = 'IO_WAIT'  # 等待IO完成
+    STATUS_TERMINATED = 'TERMINATED'
     
     def __init__(self, processes: List[Process]):
         self.processes = [p for p in processes]
         self.results: List[Process] = []
+        self.gantt_chart: List[tuple] = []  # 甘特图记录 (时间, PID, 事件)
+        
+        # IO 模拟相关
+        self.io_queue: List[Process] = []  # IO 等待队列 (等待IO完成的进程)
+        self.io_completion_events: List[tuple] = []  # IO 完成事件 (时间, 进程)
+        
+    def init_process(self, p: Process, current_time: int):
+        """初始化进程状态"""
+        p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+        p.current_cpu_idx = 0  # 当前执行的 cpu_burst 索引
+        p.current_io_idx = -1  # 当前等待的 io_burst 索引 (-1表示未进入IO)
+        p.remaining_cpu_time = sum(p.cpu_bursts) if p.cpu_bursts else p.burst_time
+        p.io_wait_time = 0  # 累计IO等待时间
+        if p.start_time == -1:
+            p.start_time = current_time
+    
+    def execute_cpu(self, p: Process, time_slice: int, current_time: int):
+        """执行一段 CPU burst"""
+        if p.current_cpu_idx >= len(p.cpu_bursts):
+            return 0  # 没有更多CPU burst
+        
+        cpu_burst = p.cpu_bursts[p.current_cpu_idx]
+        execute_time = min(time_slice, cpu_burst)
+        
+        p.remaining_cpu_time -= execute_time
+        
+        # 记录甘特图
+        self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, p.pid, 'CPU', execute_time))
+        
+        if execute_time >= cpu_burst:
+            # CPU burst 执行完毕
+            p.current_cpu_idx += 1
+            
+            # 检查是否有对应的 IO burst
+            if p.current_cpu_idx - 1 < len(p.io_bursts):
+                # 进入 IO 等待
+                io_time = p.io_bursts[p.current_cpu_idx - 1]
+                p.current_io_idx = p.current_cpu_idx - 1
+                p.io_burst_remaining = io_time
+                p.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
+                self.io_completion_events.append((current_time + io_time, p))
+                return execute_time
+            
+            # 没有更多 burst，进程结束
+            p.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+            p.completion_time = current_time + execute_time
+            self.results.append(p)
+            return execute_time
+        else:
+            # 时间片用完但 CPU burst 还没完
+            return execute_time
+    
+    def handle_io_completions(self, current_time: int):
+        """处理当前时刻完成的 IO 事件"""
+        completed = []
+        for i, (io_time, p) in enumerate(self.io_completion_events):
+            if io_time <= current_time:
+                completed.append(i)
+                p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                p.io_wait_time += io_time - (current_time - p.io_burst_remaining)
+        
+        # 移除已处理的事件 (倒序删除避免索引问题)
+        for i in reversed(completed):
+            self.io_completion_events.pop(i)
+        
+        return completed
     
     def calculate_metrics(self, p: Process, current_time: int):
         """
-        计算进程性能指标
+        计算进程性能指标 (支持IO模拟)
         
         周转时间 (Turnaround Time): CT - AT
             进程从提交到完成的总时间
@@ -57,57 +171,98 @@ class ProcessScheduler:
         
         等待时间 (Waiting Time): TAT - BT
             进程在就绪队列中等待的时间总和
+            注意: 这里只计算CPU等待时间，不包括IO等待时间
         
         响应时间 (Response Time): ST - AT
             从提交到首次运行的时间
         """
-        p.completion_time = current_time
+        if p.status == self.STATUS_TERMINATED:
+            p.completion_time = current_time if p.completion_time == 0 else p.completion_time
+        else:
+            p.completion_time = current_time
+        
         p.turnaround_time = p.completion_time - p.arrival_time
-        p.waiting_time = p.turnaround_time - p.burst_time
+        # 等待时间 = 周转时间 - 总CPU时间 - IO等待时间
-        p.response_time = p.start_time - p.arrival_time
+        p.waiting_time = p.turnaround_time - p.total_cpu_time - p.io_wait_time
+        if p.waiting_time < 0:
+            p.waiting_time = 0
+        p.response_time = p.start_time - p.arrival_time if p.start_time > 0 else 0
         # 带权周转时间 = 周转时间 / 服务时间
         p.weighted_turnaround_time = p.turnaround_time / p.burst_time if p.burst_time > 0 else 0
+        p.io_wait = p.io_wait_time
     
     def print_results(self, algorithm_name: str) -> Dict:
-        """打印调度结果"""
+        """打印调度结果 (支持IO模拟)"""
         n = len(self.results)
+        if n == 0:
+            return {}
+            
         avg_waiting = sum(p.waiting_time for p in self.results) / n
         avg_turnaround = sum(p.turnaround_time for p in self.results) / n
         avg_weighted_turnaround = sum(p.weighted_turnaround_time for p in self.results) / n
         avg_response = sum(p.response_time for p in self.results) / n
         
-        print(f"\n{'='*70}")
+        # 计算IO相关指标
+        total_io_time = sum(p.total_io_time for p in self.results)
+        total_io_wait = sum(p.io_wait for p in self.results)
+        avg_io_wait = total_io_wait / n if n > 0 else 0
+        io_bound_count = sum(1 for p in self.results if p.is_io_bound)
+        
+        print(f"\n{'='*85}")
         print(f"算法: {algorithm_name}")
-        print(f"{'='*70}")
+        print(f"{'='*85}")
-        print(f"{'PID':<6}{'到达':<6}{'服务':<6}{'开始':<6}{'完成':<6}"
+        print(f"{'PID':<6}{'类型':<6}{'起始':<6}{'到达':<6}{'服务':<6}{'IO次数':<6}{'IO时间':<8}"
-              f"{'等待':<6}{'周转':<6}{'带权周转':<10}{'响应':<6}")
+              f"{'周转':<6}{'CPU等待':<8}{'IO等待':<8}{'响应':<6}")
-        print("-" * 70)
+        print("-" * 85)
         
         for p in self.results:
-            print(f"{p.pid:<6}{p.arrival_time:<6}{p.burst_time:<6}"
+            proc_type = "IO" if p.is_io_bound else "CPU"
-                  f"{p.start_time:<6}{p.completion_time:<6}"
+            start_phase = "IO" if p.starts_with_io else "CPU"
-                  f"{p.waiting_time:<6}{p.turnaround_time:<6}"
+            print(f"{p.pid:<6}{proc_type:<6}{start_phase:<6}{p.arrival_time:<6}{p.burst_time:<6}"
-                  f"{p.weighted_turnaround_time:<10.2f}"
+                  f"{p.num_io_operations:<6}{p.total_io_time:<8}"
-                  f"{p.response_time:<6}")
+                  f"{p.turnaround_time:<6}{p.waiting_time:<8}{p.io_wait:<8}{p.response_time:<6}")
         
-        print("-" * 70)
+        print("-" * 85)
-        print(f"{'平均等待时间:':<18} {avg_waiting:.2f}")
+        print(f"{'平均等待时间:':<22} {avg_waiting:.2f}")
-        print(f"{'平均周转时间:':<18} {avg_turnaround:.2f}")
+        print(f"{'平均周转时间:':<22} {avg_turnaround:.2f}")
-        print(f"{'平均带权周转时间:':<18} {avg_weighted_turnaround:.2f}")
+        print(f"{'平均带权周转时间:':<22} {avg_weighted_turnaround:.2f}")
-        print(f"{'平均响应时间:':<18} {avg_response:.2f}")
+        print(f"{'平均响应时间:':<22} {avg_response:.2f}")
         
-        # CPU 利用率
+        # CPU 利用率计算 (考虑IO模拟)
-        total_burst = sum(p.burst_time for p in self.results)
+        total_cpu_time = sum(p.total_cpu_time for p in self.results)  # 纯CPU时间
         total_time = self.results[-1].completion_time - self.results[0].arrival_time
-        utilization = (total_burst / total_time) * 100 if total_time > 0 else 0
+        # CPU利用率 = CPU执行时间 / 总时间
-        print(f"{'CPU 利用率:':<18} {utilization:.2f}%")
+        # 注意: IO期间CPU可以运行其他进程，所以利用率应该更高
+        utilization = (total_cpu_time / total_time) * 100 if total_time > 0 else 0
+        
+        # 计算CPU实际空闲时间
+        cpu_busy_time = len(self.gantt_chart) * 1  # 每个时间单位被计入
+        # 简化: 空闲时间 = 总时间 - CPU总执行时间
+        idle_time = total_time - total_cpu_time
+        
+        print(f"\n{'='*85}")
+        print("性能统计")
+        print("-" * 85)
+        print(f"{'总执行时间:':<22} {total_time}")
+        print(f"{'总CPU时间:':<22} {total_cpu_time}")
+        print(f"{'CPU利用率:':<22} {utilization:.2f}%")
+        print(f"{'总IO时间:':<22} {total_io_time}")
+        print(f"{'总IO等待时间:':<22} {total_io_wait}")
+        print(f"{'平均IO等待:':<22} {avg_io_wait:.2f}")
+        print(f"{'IO密集型进程:':<22} {io_bound_count}/{n}")
         
         return {
             'avg_waiting': avg_waiting,
             'avg_turnaround': avg_turnaround,
             'avg_weighted_turnaround': avg_weighted_turnaround,
             'avg_response': avg_response,
-            'cpu_utilization': utilization
+            'cpu_utilization': utilization,
+            'total_time': total_time,
+            'total_cpu_time': total_cpu_time,
+            'total_io_time': total_io_time,
+            'total_io_wait': total_io_wait,
+            'avg_io_wait': avg_io_wait,
+            'io_bound_count': io_bound_count
         }
 
 
@@ -116,10 +271,14 @@ def generate_random_processes(
     seed: Optional[int] = 42,
     arrival_range: tuple = (0, 50),
     burst_range: tuple = (1, 20),
-    priority_range: tuple = (1, 10)
+    priority_range: tuple = (1, 10),
+    io_probability: float = 0.5,  # 进程有IO操作的概率
+    io_count_range: tuple = (1, 4),  # IO操作次数范围
+    io_time_range: tuple = (3, 15),  # 每次IO时间范围
+    io_first_prob: float = 0.0,  # 以IO开始的概率 (0.0=全部先CPU, 1.0=全部先IO)
 ) -> List[Process]:
     """
-    随机生成测试进程集
+    随机生成测试进程集 (支持IO模拟)
     
     Args:
         n: 进程数量
@@ -127,20 +286,95 @@ def generate_random_processes(
         arrival_range: 到达时间范围 (min, max)
         burst_range: 服务时间范围 (min, max)
         priority_range: 优先级范围 (min, max)
+        io_probability: 进程有IO操作的概率 (0.0-1.0)
+        io_count_range: IO操作次数范围 (min, max)
+        io_time_range: 每次IO时间范围 (min, max)
+        io_first_prob: 以IO开始的概率 (0.0=全部先CPU, 1.0=全部先IO, 0.5=随机)
     
     Returns:
         进程列表
+    
+    示例:
+        # 生成10个进程，50%有IO，全部先CPU
+        processes = generate_random_processes(n=10, io_probability=0.5)
+        
+        # 生成IO密集型场景，30%以IO开始
+        processes = generate_random_processes(n=10, io_probability=0.8, io_first_prob=0.3)
     """
     if seed is not None:
         random.seed(seed)
     
     processes = []
     for i in range(n):
+        # 生成基本属性
+        arrival = random.randint(*arrival_range)
+        total_burst = random.randint(*burst_range)
+        priority = random.randint(*priority_range)
+        
+        # 确定是否为IO密集型进程
+        is_io_bound = random.random() < io_probability
+        
+        # 确定起始阶段
+        starts_with_io = random.random() < io_first_prob if io_first_prob > 0 else False
+        
+        cpu_bursts = []
+        io_bursts = []
+        
+        if is_io_bound:
+            # IO密集型: 短CPU计算 + 长IO等待
+            num_io = random.randint(*io_count_range)
+            
+            if starts_with_io:
+                # 先IO再CPU: IO -> CPU -> IO -> CPU -> ...
+                for j in range(num_io):
+                    # IO burst
+                    io_time = random.randint(*io_time_range)
+                    io_bursts.append(io_time)
+                    # CPU burst
+                    remaining = total_burst - sum(cpu_bursts)
+                    max_cpu = min(3, remaining - (num_io - j - 1))
+                    if max_cpu < 1:
+                        max_cpu = 1
+                    cpu_time = random.randint(1, max_cpu)
+                    cpu_bursts.append(cpu_time)
+                # 最后一段CPU
+                remaining = total_burst - sum(cpu_bursts)
+                if remaining > 0:
+                    cpu_bursts.append(remaining)
+            else:
+                # 先CPU再IO: CPU -> IO -> CPU -> IO -> ...
+                remaining = total_burst
+                for j in range(num_io + 1):
+                    if j < num_io:
+                        # CPU burst: 短时间 (1-3)
+                        max_cpu = min(3, remaining - (num_io - j))
+                        if max_cpu < 1:
+                            max_cpu = 1
+                        cpu_time = random.randint(1, max_cpu)
+                    else:
+                        # 最后一段CPU时间
+                        cpu_time = remaining
+                    if cpu_time > 0:
+                        cpu_bursts.append(cpu_time)
+                        remaining -= cpu_time
+                    
+                    if j < num_io and remaining > 0:
+                        # IO burst: 较长时间 (长IO等待)
+                        io_time = random.randint(*io_time_range)
+                        io_bursts.append(io_time)
+        else:
+            # CPU密集型: 长CPU计算 + 无/少IO
+            cpu_bursts = [total_burst]
+        
         p = Process(
             pid=f'P{i+1}',
-            arrival_time=random.randint(*arrival_range),
+            arrival_time=arrival,
-            burst_time=random.randint(*burst_range),
+            burst_time=total_burst,
-            priority=random.randint(*priority_range)
+            priority=priority,
+            cpu_bursts=cpu_bursts,
+            io_bursts=io_bursts,
+            is_io_bound=is_io_bound,
+            starts_with_io=starts_with_io
         )
         processes.append(p)
     
@@ -150,24 +384,64 @@ def generate_random_processes(
 
 
 def print_processes(processes: List[Process], title: str = "测试数据"):
-    """打印进程信息"""
+    """打印进程信息 (包含IO模拟信息)"""
-    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"\n{'='*80}")
     print(f"{title}")
-    print(f"{'='*60}")
+    print(f"{'='*80}")
-    print(f"{'PID':<8}{'到达时间':<10}{'服务时间':<10}{'优先级':<10}")
+    print(f"{'PID':<6}{'类型':<6}{'起始':<6}{'到达':<6}{'服务':<6}{'IO次数':<6}{'IO时间':<8}{'优先级':<6}")
-    print("-" * 60)
+    print("-" * 80)
+    
+    io_bound_count = 0
+    io_first_count = 0
     for p in processes:
-        print(f"{p.pid:<8}{p.arrival_time:<10}{p.burst_time:<10}{p.priority:<10}")
+        proc_type = "IO" if p.is_io_bound else "CPU"
+        start_phase = "IO" if p.starts_with_io else "CPU"
+        if p.is_io_bound:
+            io_bound_count += 1
+        if p.starts_with_io:
+            io_first_count += 1
+        io_time = p.total_io_time
+        print(f"{p.pid:<6}{proc_type:<6}{start_phase:<6}{p.arrival_time:<6}{p.burst_time:<6}"
+              f"{p.num_io_operations:<6}{io_time:<8}{p.priority:<6}")
+    
+    print("-" * 80)
+    print(f"总进程数: {len(processes)}, CPU密集型: {len(processes)-io_bound_count}, IO密集型: {io_bound_count}")
+    print(f"起始阶段: 先CPU: {len(processes)-io_first_count}, 先IO: {io_first_count}")
+    
+    # 详细显示有IO的进程的CPU和IO burst
+    io_processes = [p for p in processes if p.io_bursts]
+    if io_processes:
+        print(f"\n{'='*80}")
+        print("IO 操作详细 (执行模式)")
+        print("-" * 80)
+        for p in io_processes:
+            # 构建执行模式字符串
+            pattern = []
+            if p.starts_with_io:
+                # 先IO再CPU
+                for i, io in enumerate(p.io_bursts):
+                    pattern.append(f"IO({io})")
+                    if i < len(p.cpu_bursts):
+                        pattern.append(f"CPU({p.cpu_bursts[i]})")
+            else:
+                # 先CPU再IO
+                for i, cpu in enumerate(p.cpu_bursts):
+                    pattern.append(f"CPU({cpu})")
+                    if i < len(p.io_bursts):
+                        pattern.append(f"IO({p.io_bursts[i]})")
+            print(f"{p.pid}: {' -> '.join(pattern)}")
 
 
 def print_comparison(results: Dict[str, Dict]):
-    """打印算法比较结果"""
+    """打印算法比较结果 (包含IO指标)"""
-    print("\n" + "="*90)
+    print("\n" + "="*100)
     print("算法性能比较")
-    print("="*90)
+    print("="*100)
-    print(f"{'算法':<10}{'平均等待':<12}{'平均周转':<12}{'平均带权周转':<14}{'平均响应':<12}{'CPU利用率':<12}")
+    print(f"{'算法':<8}{'平均等待':<10}{'平均周转':<10}{'平均带权周转':<12}{'平均响应':<10}{'CPU利用率':<10}{'IO阻塞':<10}")
-    print("-" * 90)
+    print("-" * 100)
     for name, metrics in results.items():
-        print(f"{name:<10}{metrics['avg_waiting']:<12.2f}{metrics['avg_turnaround']:<12.2f}"
+        print(f"{name:<8}{metrics['avg_waiting']:<10.2f}{metrics['avg_turnaround']:<10.2f}"
-              f"{metrics.get('avg_weighted_turnaround', 0):<14.2f}"
+              f"{metrics.get('avg_weighted_turnaround', 0):<12.2f}"
-              f"{metrics['avg_response']:<12.2f}{metrics['cpu_utilization']:<12.2f}%")
+              f"{metrics['avg_response']:<10.2f}"
+              f"{metrics['cpu_utilization']:<10.2f}%"
+              f"{metrics.get('avg_io_wait', 0):<10.2f}")

experiment/code/fcfs.py

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 """
 先来先服务调度算法 (FCFS)
 First Come First Served
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
-from typing import List, Dict
+from typing import List, Dict, Tuple
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -15,28 +18,97 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class FCFSScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """先来先服务调度 (First Come First Served)"""
+    """先来先服务调度 (First Come First Served)
+    
+    支持 IO 模拟:
+    - 进程执行一个 CPU burst 后进入 IO 等待
+    - IO 等待期间 CPU 可以调度其他就绪进程
+    - IO 完成时进程回到就绪队列
+    """
     
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """FCFS 调度算法"""
+        """FCFS 调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        # 按到达时间排序
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
-        ready_queue = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: (p.arrival_time, p.pid))
+        for p in all_processes:
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
+        
+        # 事件队列: (时间, 事件类型, 唯一ID, 进程)
+        events = []
+        for p in all_processes:
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
+        
+        ready_queue = deque()  # 就绪队列 (按到达顺序)
+        completed = []
         
         current_time = 0
-        for p in ready_queue:
+        last_processed_time = 0
-            if p.arrival_time > current_time:
-                current_time = p.arrival_time
-            
-            p.start_time = current_time
-            current_time += p.burst_time
-            self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
-            self.results.append(p)
         
+        while len(completed) < len(all_processes):
+            # 1. 处理所有当前时刻的事件
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
+                event_time, event_type, uid, p = heapq.heappop(events)
+                
+                if event_type == 'arrival':
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                    ready_queue.append(p)
+                elif event_type == 'io_complete':
+                    if p.status == self.STATUS_IO_WAIT:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                        ready_queue.append(p)
+            
+            # 2. 如果就绪队列为空，推进时间到下一个事件
+            if not ready_queue:
+                if events:
+                    current_time = events[0][0]
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    break
+            
+            # 3. FCFS: 选择队首进程
+            current_process = ready_queue.popleft()
+            
+            if current_process.start_time == -1:
+                current_process.start_time = current_time
+            
+            current_process.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            # 4. 执行 CPU burst
+            if current_process.current_cpu_idx < len(current_process.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = current_process.cpu_bursts[current_process.current_cpu_idx]
+                
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, current_process.pid, 'CPU', cpu_burst))
+                
+                current_time += cpu_burst
+                current_process.remaining_cpu_time -= cpu_burst
+                current_process.current_cpu_idx += 1
+                
+                # 5. 检查是否有 IO burst
+                io_idx = current_process.current_cpu_idx - 1
+                if io_idx < len(current_process.io_bursts):
+                    # 进入 IO 等待，添加 IO 完成事件
+                    io_time = current_process.io_bursts[io_idx]
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
+                    io_complete_time = current_time + io_time
+                    heapq.heappush(events, (io_complete_time, 'io_complete', id(current_process), current_process))
+                else:
+                    # 进程完成
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                    current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                    self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                    completed.append(current_process)
+            else:
+                # 进程完成
+                current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                completed.append(current_process)
+        
+        self.results = completed
         return self.print_results("FCFS (先来先服务)")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5, io_first_prob=0.3)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
     scheduler = FCFSScheduler(processes)

experiment/code/hrrn.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
 高响应比优先调度算法 (HRRN)
-Highest Response Ratio Next
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
 from typing import List, Dict
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -15,57 +16,95 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class HRRNScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """
+    """高响应比优先调度
-    高响应比优先调度 (Highest Response Ratio Next)
     
     响应比 = (等待时间 + 服务时间) / 服务时间
-           = 1 + 等待时间 / 服务时间
     
-    特点：
+    支持 IO 模拟
-        - 非抢占式
-        - 综合考虑了等待时间和服务时间
-        - 避免长作业饥饿问题
     """
     
-    def calculate_response_ratio(self, p: Process, current_time: int) -> float:
-        """计算响应比"""
-        waiting_time = current_time - p.arrival_time
-        return 1 + (waiting_time / p.burst_time) if p.burst_time > 0 else float('inf')
-    
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """HRRN 调度算法"""
+        """HRRN 调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
-        ready_queue: List[Process] = []
+        for p in all_processes:
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
+        
+        events = []
+        for p in all_processes:
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
+        
+        ready_queue = []  # (response_ratio, pid, process)
+        completed = []
+        
         current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
         
-        while completed < len(processes):
+        while len(completed) < len(all_processes):
-            # 添加所有到达的进程
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
-            for p in processes:
+                event_time, event_type, uid, p = heapq.heappop(events)
-                if p.arrival_time <= current_time and p not in ready_queue and p not in self.results:
-                    ready_queue.append(p)
-            
-            if ready_queue:
-                # 计算每个进程的响应比，选择最高的
-                ready_queue.sort(
-                    key=lambda p: self.calculate_response_ratio(p, current_time),
-                    reverse=True  # 响应比高优先
-                )
-                p = ready_queue.pop(0)
                 
-                p.start_time = current_time
+                if event_type == 'arrival':
-                current_time += p.burst_time
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
-                self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                    ready_queue.append(p)
-                self.results.append(p)
+                elif event_type == 'io_complete':
-                completed += 1
+                    if p.status == self.STATUS_IO_WAIT:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                        ready_queue.append(p)
+            
+            if not ready_queue:
+                if events:
+                    current_time = events[0][0]
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    break
+            
+            # 计算响应比
+            for p in ready_queue:
+                wait_time = current_time - p.arrival_time
+                remaining = p.remaining_cpu_time if p.remaining_cpu_time > 0 else p.total_cpu_time
+                if remaining > 0:
+                    p.response_ratio = (wait_time + remaining) / remaining
+                else:
+                    p.response_ratio = float('inf')
+            
+            ready_queue.sort(key=lambda x: (-x.response_ratio, id(x)))
+            current_process = ready_queue.pop(0)
+            
+            if current_process.start_time == -1:
+                current_process.start_time = current_time
+            
+            current_process.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            if current_process.current_cpu_idx < len(current_process.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = current_process.cpu_bursts[current_process.current_cpu_idx]
+                
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, current_process.pid, 'CPU', cpu_burst))
+                
+                current_time += cpu_burst
+                current_process.remaining_cpu_time -= cpu_burst
+                current_process.current_cpu_idx += 1
+                
+                io_idx = current_process.current_cpu_idx - 1
+                if io_idx < len(current_process.io_bursts):
+                    io_time = current_process.io_bursts[io_idx]
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
+                    heapq.heappush(events, (current_time + io_time, 'io_complete', id(current_process), current_process))
+                else:
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                    current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                    self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                    completed.append(current_process)
             else:
-                current_time += 1
+                current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                completed.append(current_process)
         
+        self.results = completed
         return self.print_results("HRRN (高响应比优先)")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
     scheduler = HRRNScheduler(processes)

experiment/code/main.py

@@ -32,13 +32,21 @@ from mlfq import MLFQScheduler
 from hrrn import HRRNScheduler
 
 
-# 预设演示数据
+# 预设演示数据 (包含IO模拟)
 DEMO_PROCESSES = [
-    Process(pid='P1', arrival_time=0, burst_time=7, priority=3),
+    # CPU密集型进程
-    Process(pid='P2', arrival_time=2, burst_time=4, priority=1),
+    Process(pid='P1', arrival_time=0, burst_time=7, priority=3, 
-    Process(pid='P3', arrival_time=4, burst_time=1, priority=4),
+            cpu_bursts=[7], io_bursts=[], is_io_bound=False),
-    Process(pid='P4', arrival_time=5, burst_time=4, priority=2),
+    # IO密集型进程: CPU -> IO -> CPU -> IO -> CPU
-    Process(pid='P5', arrival_time=6, burst_time=2, priority=3),
+    Process(pid='P2', arrival_time=2, burst_time=10, priority=1,
+            cpu_bursts=[3, 2, 3], io_bursts=[5, 4], is_io_bound=True),
+    Process(pid='P3', arrival_time=4, burst_time=1, priority=4,
+            cpu_bursts=[1], io_bursts=[], is_io_bound=False),
+    # IO密集型进程
+    Process(pid='P4', arrival_time=5, burst_time=8, priority=2,
+            cpu_bursts=[2, 2, 2], io_bursts=[6, 5], is_io_bound=True),
+    Process(pid='P5', arrival_time=6, burst_time=2, priority=3,
+            cpu_bursts=[2], io_bursts=[], is_io_bound=False),
 ]
 
 
@@ -127,6 +135,14 @@ def main():
                         help='服务时间范围 (格式: min,max)')
     parser.add_argument('--priority', type=str, default='1,10',
                         help='优先级范围 (格式: min,max)')
+    parser.add_argument('--io-prob', type=float, default=0.5,
+                        help='进程有IO操作的概率 0.0-1.0 (默认: 0.5)')
+    parser.add_argument('--io-count', type=str, default='1,4',
+                        help='IO操作次数范围 (格式: min,max, 默认: 1,4)')
+    parser.add_argument('--io-time', type=str, default='3,15',
+                        help='每次IO时间范围 (格式: min,max, 默认: 3,15)')
+    parser.add_argument('--io-first', type=float, default=0.0,
+                        help='以IO开始的概率 0.0-1.0 (默认: 0.0, 即全部先CPU)')
     
     args = parser.parse_args()
     
@@ -144,6 +160,8 @@ def main():
         arrival_range = tuple(map(int, args.arrival.split(',')))
         burst_range = tuple(map(int, args.burst.split(',')))
         priority_range = tuple(map(int, args.priority.split(',')))
+        io_count_range = tuple(map(int, args.io_count.split(',')))
+        io_time_range = tuple(map(int, args.io_time.split(',')))
         
         seed = args.seed if args.seed != -1 else None
         
@@ -152,7 +170,11 @@ def main():
             seed=seed,
             arrival_range=arrival_range,
             burst_range=burst_range,
-            priority_range=priority_range
+            priority_range=priority_range,
+            io_probability=args.io_prob,
+            io_count_range=io_count_range,
+            io_time_range=io_time_range,
+            io_first_prob=args.io_first
         )
         
         title = f"随机测试数据 (n={args.num}, seed={args.seed if seed else 'None'})"

experiment/code/mlfq.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
 多级反馈队列调度算法 (MLFQ)
-Multilevel Feedback Queue
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
-from collections import deque
 from typing import List, Dict
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -16,83 +17,127 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class MLFQScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """多级反馈队列调度 (Multilevel Feedback Queue)"""
+    """多级反馈队列调度"""
     
-    def __init__(self, processes: List[Process], queues: List[int] = None):
+    def __init__(self, processes: List[Process], num_queues: int = 3, base_time_slice: int = 4):
         super().__init__(processes)
-        # 每层队列的时间片大小
+        self.num_queues = num_queues
-        self.queues = queues or [4, 8, 16]
+        self.base_time_slice = base_time_slice
-        self.aging_time = 50
+    
+    def get_time_slice(self, queue_idx: int) -> int:
+        return self.base_time_slice * (2 ** queue_idx)
     
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """MLFQ 调度算法"""
+        """MLFQ 调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
+        n = len(all_processes)
+        
+        for p in all_processes:
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
+            p.queue_idx = 0
+        
+        # 事件: (时间, 类型, uid, 进程)
+        events = []
+        for p in all_processes:
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
+        
+        queues = [deque() for _ in range(self.num_queues)]
+        completed = []
+        io_waiting = {}  # {进程: IO完成时间}
         
-        queues = [deque() for _ in self.queues]
         current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
+        max_iterations = 10000  # 防止死循环
-        index = 0
+        iterations = 0
         
-        while completed < len(processes):
+        while len(completed) < n and iterations < max_iterations:
-            while index < len(processes) and processes[index].arrival_time <= current_time:
+            iterations += 1
-                queues[0].append(processes[index])
-                index += 1
             
-            # 老化
+            # 1. 处理到达事件
-            for i in range(1, len(queues)):
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
-                for p in list(queues[i]):
+                _, etype, _, p = heapq.heappop(events)
-                    wait_time = current_time - p.arrival_time - (p.burst_time - p.remaining_time)
+                if etype == 'arrival':
-                    if wait_time > self.aging_time:
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
-                        queues[i].remove(p)
+                    queues[0].append(p)
-                        queues[max(0, i-1)].append(p)
+                elif etype == 'io_complete':
+                    io_waiting.pop(p.pid, None)
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                    queues[p.queue_idx].append(p)
             
-            queue_idx = -1
+            # 2. 检查 IO 完成
-            for i in range(len(queues)):
+            completed_io = []
+            for p, io_end_time in io_waiting.items():
+                if io_end_time <= current_time:
+                    completed_io.append(p)
+            for p in completed_io:
+                io_waiting.pop(p.pid, None)
+                p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                queues[p.queue_idx].append(p)
+            
+            # 3. 找最高优先级非空队列
+            q_idx = -1
+            for i in range(self.num_queues):
                 if queues[i]:
-                    queue_idx = i
+                    q_idx = i
                     break
             
-            if queue_idx >= 0:
+            if q_idx == -1:
-                p = queues[queue_idx].popleft()
+                # 所有队列为空，推进时间
+                next_events = [e[0] for e in events if e[0] > current_time]
+                next_io = [t for t in io_waiting.values() if t > current_time]
+                next_times = next_events + next_io
+                if next_times:
+                    current_time = min(next_times)
+                continue
+            
+            # 4. 取进程执行
+            p = queues[q_idx].popleft()
+            
+            if p.start_time == -1:
+                p.start_time = current_time
+            p.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            ts = self.get_time_slice(q_idx)
+            
+            if p.current_cpu_idx < len(p.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = p.cpu_bursts[p.current_cpu_idx]
+                exec_t = min(ts, cpu_burst)
                 
-                if p.start_time == -1:
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, p.pid, 'CPU', exec_t))
-                    p.start_time = current_time
                 
-                exec_time = min(self.queues[queue_idx], p.remaining_time)
+                current_time += exec_t
-                p.remaining_time -= exec_time
+                p.remaining_cpu_time -= exec_t
-                current_time += exec_time
                 
-                while index < len(processes) and processes[index].arrival_time <= current_time:
+                if exec_t >= cpu_burst:
-                    queues[0].append(processes[index])
+                    p.current_cpu_idx += 1
-                    index += 1
+                    io_idx = p.current_cpu_idx - 1
-                
+                    if io_idx < len(p.io_bursts):
-                if p.remaining_time > 0:
+                        io_t = p.io_bursts[io_idx]
-                    if queue_idx < len(queues) - 1:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
-                        queues[queue_idx + 1].append(p)
+                        io_waiting[p.pid] = current_time + io_t
+                        heapq.heappush(events, (current_time + io_t, 'io_complete', id(p), p))
                     else:
-                        queues[queue_idx].append(p)
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                        p.completion_time = current_time
+                        self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                        completed.append(p)
                 else:
-                    self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
-                    self.results.append(p)
+                    nq = min(q_idx + 1, self.num_queues - 1)
-                    completed += 1
+                    p.queue_idx = nq
+                    queues[nq].append(p)
             else:
-                current_time += 1
+                p.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                p.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                completed.append(p)
         
-        return self.print_results(f"MLFQ (多级反馈队列, 队列时间片={self.queues})")
+        self.results = completed
+        return self.print_results("MLFQ (多级反馈队列)")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    scheduler = MLFQScheduler(processes)
-    print("多级反馈队列调度 (默认配置)")
+    scheduler.schedule()
-    print("="*60)
-    scheduler1 = MLFQScheduler(processes)
-    scheduler1.schedule()
-    
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
-    print("多级反馈队列调度 (自定义配置 [2, 5, 10])")
-    print("="*60)
-    scheduler2 = MLFQScheduler(processes, queues=[2, 5, 10])
-    scheduler2.schedule()

experiment/code/priority.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-优先级调度算法 (Priority Scheduling)
+优先级调度算法 (Priority)
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
 from typing import List, Dict
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -14,95 +16,88 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class PriorityScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """优先级调度"""
+    """优先级调度 (数值越小优先级越高)
+    
+    支持 IO 模拟
+    """
     
     def __init__(self, processes: List[Process], preemptive: bool = False):
         super().__init__(processes)
         self.preemptive = preemptive
     
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """优先级调度算法"""
+        """优先级调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        if self.preemptive:
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
-            return self.schedule_preemptive()
+        for p in all_processes:
-        return self.schedule_non_preemptive()
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
-    
+        
-    def schedule_non_preemptive(self) -> Dict:
+        events = []
-        """非抢占式优先级调度"""
+        for p in all_processes:
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
-        ready_queue: List[Process] = []
+        
+        ready_queue = []  # (priority, pid, process)
+        completed = []
+        
         current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
         
-        while completed < len(processes):
+        while len(completed) < len(all_processes):
-            for p in processes:
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
-                if p.arrival_time <= current_time and p not in ready_queue and p not in self.results:
+                event_time, event_type, uid, p = heapq.heappop(events)
-                    ready_queue.append(p)
+                
+                if event_type == 'arrival':
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                    heapq.heappush(ready_queue, (p.priority, id(p), p))
+                elif event_type == 'io_complete':
+                    if p.status == self.STATUS_IO_WAIT:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                        heapq.heappush(ready_queue, (p.priority, id(p), p))
             
-            if ready_queue:
+            if not ready_queue:
-                ready_queue.sort(key=lambda p: p.priority)
+                if events:
-                p = ready_queue.pop(0)
+                    current_time = events[0][0]
-                
+                    continue
-                p.start_time = current_time
+                else:
-                current_time += p.burst_time
+                    break
-                self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
-                self.results.append(p)
-                completed += 1
-            else:
-                current_time += 1
-        
-        return self.print_results("优先级调度 (非抢占)")
-    
-    def schedule_preemptive(self) -> Dict:
-        """抢占式优先级调度"""
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
-        ready_queue: List[Process] = []
-        current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
-        current_process = None
-        
-        while completed < len(processes):
-            for p in processes:
-                if p.arrival_time <= current_time and p not in ready_queue and p not in self.results:
-                    ready_queue.append(p)
             
-            if ready_queue:
+            _, _, current_process = heapq.heappop(ready_queue)
-                ready_queue.sort(key=lambda p: p.priority)
+            
+            if current_process.start_time == -1:
+                current_process.start_time = current_time
+            
+            current_process.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            if current_process.current_cpu_idx < len(current_process.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = current_process.cpu_bursts[current_process.current_cpu_idx]
                 
-                if current_process is None or current_process.priority > ready_queue[0].priority:
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, current_process.pid, 'CPU', cpu_burst))
-                    if current_process and current_process.remaining_time > 0:
-                        ready_queue.append(current_process)
-                    
-                    current_process = ready_queue.pop(0)
-                    
-                    if current_process.start_time == -1:
-                        current_process.start_time = current_time
                 
-                current_process.remaining_time -= 1
+                current_time += cpu_burst
-                current_time += 1
+                current_process.remaining_cpu_time -= cpu_burst
+                current_process.current_cpu_idx += 1
                 
-                if current_process.remaining_time == 0:
+                io_idx = current_process.current_cpu_idx - 1
+                if io_idx < len(current_process.io_bursts):
+                    io_time = current_process.io_bursts[io_idx]
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
+                    heapq.heappush(events, (current_time + io_time, 'io_complete', id(current_process), current_process))
+                else:
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                    current_process.completion_time = current_time
                     self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
-                    self.results.append(current_process)
+                    completed.append(current_process)
-                    completed += 1
-                    current_process = None
             else:
-                current_time += 1
+                current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                completed.append(current_process)
         
-        return self.print_results("优先级调度 (抢占)")
+        self.results = completed
+        return self.print_results("Priority (优先级调度)")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    scheduler = PriorityScheduler(processes)
-    print("非抢占式优先级调度")
+    scheduler.schedule()
-    print("="*60)
-    scheduler1 = PriorityScheduler(processes, preemptive=False)
-    scheduler1.schedule()
-    
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
-    print("抢占式优先级调度")
-    print("="*60)
-    scheduler2 = PriorityScheduler(processes, preemptive=True)
-    scheduler2.schedule()

experiment/code/rr.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
 时间片轮转调度算法 (RR)
-Round Robin
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
-from collections import deque
 from typing import List, Dict
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -16,58 +17,110 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class RoundRobinScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """时间片轮转调度 (Round Robin)"""
+    """时间片轮转调度"""
     
     def __init__(self, processes: List[Process], time_slice: int = 4):
         super().__init__(processes)
         self.time_slice = time_slice
     
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """RR 调度算法"""
+        """RR 调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
+        n = len(all_processes)
+        
+        for p in all_processes:
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
+        
+        events = []
+        for p in all_processes:
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
+        
         ready_queue = deque()
+        completed = []
+        io_waiting = {}  # {进程PID: IO完成时间}
+        
         current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
+        max_iterations = 10000
-        index = 0
+        iterations = 0
         
-        while completed < len(processes):
+        while len(completed) < n and iterations < max_iterations:
-            while index < len(processes) and processes[index].arrival_time <= current_time:
+            iterations += 1
-                ready_queue.append(processes[index])
-                index += 1
             
-            if ready_queue:
+            # 1. 处理到达事件
-                p = ready_queue.popleft()
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
-                
+                _, etype, _, p = heapq.heappop(events)
-                if p.start_time == -1:
+                if etype == 'arrival':
-                    p.start_time = current_time
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
-                
-                exec_time = min(self.time_slice, p.remaining_time)
-                p.remaining_time -= exec_time
-                current_time += exec_time
-                
-                while index < len(processes) and processes[index].arrival_time <= current_time:
-                    ready_queue.append(processes[index])
-                    index += 1
-                
-                if p.remaining_time > 0:
                     ready_queue.append(p)
+                elif etype == 'io_complete':
+                    io_waiting.pop(p.pid, None)
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                    ready_queue.append(p)
+            
+            # 2. 检查 IO 完成
+            completed_io = []
+            for p, io_end_time in io_waiting.items():
+                if io_end_time <= current_time:
+                    completed_io.append(p)
+            for p in completed_io:
+                io_waiting.pop(p.pid, None)
+                p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                ready_queue.append(p)
+            
+            if not ready_queue:
+                # 队列为空，推进时间
+                next_events = [e[0] for e in events if e[0] > current_time]
+                next_io = [t for t in io_waiting.values() if t > current_time]
+                next_times = next_events + next_io
+                if next_times:
+                    current_time = min(next_times)
+                continue
+            
+            # 3. 取进程执行
+            p = ready_queue.popleft()
+            
+            if p.start_time == -1:
+                p.start_time = current_time
+            p.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            if p.current_cpu_idx < len(p.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = p.cpu_bursts[p.current_cpu_idx]
+                exec_t = min(self.time_slice, cpu_burst)
+                
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, p.pid, 'CPU', exec_t))
+                
+                current_time += exec_t
+                p.remaining_cpu_time -= exec_t
+                
+                if exec_t >= cpu_burst:
+                    p.current_cpu_idx += 1
+                    io_idx = p.current_cpu_idx - 1
+                    if io_idx < len(p.io_bursts):
+                        io_t = p.io_bursts[io_idx]
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
+                        io_waiting[p.pid] = current_time + io_t
+                        heapq.heappush(events, (current_time + io_t, 'io_complete', id(p), p))
+                    else:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                        p.completion_time = current_time
+                        self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                        completed.append(p)
                 else:
-                    self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
-                    self.results.append(p)
+                    ready_queue.append(p)
-                    completed += 1
             else:
-                current_time += 1
+                p.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                p.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                completed.append(p)
         
-        return self.print_results(f"RR (时间片轮转, time_slice={self.time_slice})")
+        self.results = completed
+        return self.print_results(f"RR (时间片轮转, q={self.time_slice})")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
-    for ts in [2, 4, 8]:
+    scheduler = RoundRobinScheduler(processes, time_slice=4)
-        print("\n" + "="*60)
+    scheduler.schedule()
-        print(f"时间片轮转 (time_slice={ts})")
-        print("="*60)
-        scheduler = RoundRobinScheduler(processes, time_slice=ts)
-        scheduler.schedule()

experiment/code/sjf.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-短作业优先调度算法 (SJF)
+最短作业优先调度算法 (SJF/SRTF)
-Shortest Job First / Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF)
+Shortest Job First / Shortest Remaining Time First
+支持 IO 模拟
 """
 
 from typing import List, Dict
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
 
 from base import (
     Process,
@@ -15,89 +18,98 @@ from base import (
 
 
 class SJFScheduler(ProcessScheduler):
-    """短作业优先调度 (Shortest Job First)"""
+    """最短作业优先调度 (SJF/SRTF)
+    
+    SJF: 非抢占式，选择剩余时间最短的进程
+    SRTF: 抢占式，选择剩余时间最短的进程
+    
+    支持 IO 模拟
+    """
     
     def __init__(self, processes: List[Process], preemptive: bool = False):
         super().__init__(processes)
         self.preemptive = preemptive
     
     def schedule(self) -> Dict:
-        """SJF 调度算法"""
+        """SJF/SRTF 调度算法 (支持IO模拟)"""
-        if self.preemptive:
+        all_processes = list(self.processes)
-            return self.schedule_preemptive()
+        for p in all_processes:
-        return self.schedule_non_preemptive()
+            self.init_process(p, p.arrival_time)
-    
+        
-    def schedule_non_preemptive(self) -> Dict:
+        # 事件队列: (时间, 事件类型, 唯一ID, 进程)
-        """非抢占式 SJF"""
+        events = []
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
+        for p in all_processes:
-        ready_queue: List[Process] = []
+            heapq.heappush(events, (p.arrival_time, 'arrival', id(p), p))
+        
+        ready_queue = []  # 就绪队列 (需要排序)
+        completed = []
+        
         current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
         
-        while completed < len(processes):
+        while len(completed) < len(all_processes):
-            for p in processes:
+            # 处理事件
-                if p.arrival_time <= current_time and p not in ready_queue and p not in self.results:
+            while events and events[0][0] <= current_time:
+                event_time, event_type, uid, p = heapq.heappop(events)
+                
+                if event_type == 'arrival':
+                    p.status = self.STATUS_READY
                     ready_queue.append(p)
+                elif event_type == 'io_complete':
+                    if p.status == self.STATUS_IO_WAIT:
+                        p.status = self.STATUS_READY
+                        ready_queue.append(p)
             
-            if ready_queue:
+            if not ready_queue:
-                ready_queue.sort(key=lambda p: p.burst_time)
+                if events:
-                p = ready_queue.pop(0)
+                    current_time = events[0][0]
-                
+                    continue
-                p.start_time = current_time
+                else:
-                current_time += p.burst_time
+                    break
-                self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
-                self.results.append(p)
-                completed += 1
-            else:
-                current_time += 1
-        
-        return self.print_results("SJF (短作业优先 - 非抢占)")
-    
-    def schedule_preemptive(self) -> Dict:
-        """抢占式 SJF (SRTF)"""
-        processes = sorted(self.processes, key=lambda p: p.arrival_time)
-        ready_queue: List[Process] = []
-        current_time = 0
-        completed = 0
-        
-        while completed < len(processes):
-            for p in processes:
-                if p.arrival_time <= current_time and p not in ready_queue and p not in self.results:
-                    ready_queue.append(p)
             
-            if ready_queue:
+            # 按剩余时间排序
-                ready_queue.sort(key=lambda p: p.remaining_time)
+            ready_queue.sort(key=lambda p: (p.remaining_cpu_time, id(p)))
-                p = ready_queue[0]
+            current_process = ready_queue.pop(0)
+            
+            if current_process.start_time == -1:
+                current_process.start_time = current_time
+            
+            current_process.status = self.STATUS_RUNNING
+            
+            # 执行 CPU burst
+            if current_process.current_cpu_idx < len(current_process.cpu_bursts):
+                cpu_burst = current_process.cpu_bursts[current_process.current_cpu_idx]
                 
-                if p.start_time == -1:
+                self.gantt_chart.append((current_time, current_process.pid, 'CPU', cpu_burst))
-                    p.start_time = current_time
                 
-                p.remaining_time -= 1
+                current_time += cpu_burst
-                current_time += 1
+                current_process.remaining_cpu_time -= cpu_burst
+                current_process.current_cpu_idx += 1
                 
-                if p.remaining_time == 0:
+                io_idx = current_process.current_cpu_idx - 1
-                    self.calculate_metrics(p, current_time)
+                if io_idx < len(current_process.io_bursts):
-                    self.results.append(p)
+                    io_time = current_process.io_bursts[io_idx]
-                    ready_queue.remove(p)
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_IO_WAIT
-                    completed += 1
+                    heapq.heappush(events, (current_time + io_time, 'io_complete', id(current_process), current_process))
+                else:
+                    current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                    current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                    self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                    completed.append(current_process)
             else:
-                current_time += 1
+                current_process.status = self.STATUS_TERMINATED
+                current_process.completion_time = current_time
+                self.calculate_metrics(current_process, current_time)
+                completed.append(current_process)
         
-        return self.print_results("SRTF (最短剩余时间优先 - 抢占)")
+        self.results = completed
+        algo_name = "SRTF (最短剩余时间优先)" if self.preemptive else "SJF (最短作业优先)"
+        return self.print_results(algo_name)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42)
+    processes = generate_random_processes(n=5, seed=42, io_probability=0.5)
     print_processes(processes, "测试数据")
     
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("\n--- SJF (非抢占) ---")
-    print("非抢占式 SJF")
+    scheduler = SJFScheduler(processes, preemptive=False)
-    print("="*60)
+    scheduler.schedule()
-    scheduler1 = SJFScheduler(processes, preemptive=False)
-    scheduler1.schedule()
-    
-    print("\n" + "="*60)
-    print("抢占式 SJF (SRTF)")
-    print("="*60)
-    scheduler2 = SJFScheduler(processes, preemptive=True)
-    scheduler2.schedule()