#pragma once // FP8 GEMM device code — pure CUDA, no torch. Mirrors the attention kernel // layout (attn_*_mma.cuh): kernels take the FP8Params POD, tile shape and // FP8 format ride on compile-time template parameters, and launchers are // plain functions usable from both the torch binding and pure C tests. #include #include #include #include #include "common.h" #include "../common/mma.cuh" namespace fp8 { // m16n8k32 (see astrai::mma_shape::k in common/mma.cuh) constexpr int kMmaK = 32; constexpr int kWarps = 8; // 128x128 CTA = 8 warps // Map the FP8Format enum to the CUDA fp8 element type consumed by mma_sync. template struct fp8_input { using type = __nv_fp8_e4m3; }; template <> struct fp8_input { using type = __nv_fp8_e5m2; }; // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Shared device helpers // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // FP8 MMA lives in the shared astrai::mma_sync template (common/mma.cuh); // instantiate it with fp8_input::type. Accumulates in-place: callers // pass the same accumulator array as both `d` and `c`. __device__ __forceinline__ void atomic_max_float(float* destination, float value) { if (destination) atomicMax(reinterpret_cast(destination), __float_as_uint(value)); } __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_max(float value) { #pragma unroll for (int offset = 16; offset; offset >>= 1) { value = fmaxf(value, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffffu, value, offset)); } return value; } // One thread moves sixteen FP8 values (16 bytes) via cp.async. template __device__ __forceinline__ void cp_async_16b(T* destination, const T* source, bool valid) { const unsigned shared_address = __cvta_generic_to_shared(destination); const uint4* source_vec = reinterpret_cast(source); asm volatile("cp.async.cg.shared.global [%0], [%1], 16, %2;" :: "r"(shared_address), "l"(source_vec), "r"(valid ? 16 : 0)); } // PTX requires wait_group's operand to be an immediate value. Keep it as a // template argument so the stage policy remains compile-time configurable. template __device__ __forceinline__ void cp_async_wait_group() { static_assert(KeepGroups >= 0 && KeepGroups <= 7, "cp.async.wait_group supports immediates in [0, 7]"); asm volatile("cp.async.wait_group %0;" :: "n"(KeepGroups)); } template __device__ __forceinline__ void cp_async_wait_group_dispatch(int keep_groups) { static_assert(MaxKeepGroups >= 0 && MaxKeepGroups <= 7, "cp.async.wait_group supports immediates in [0, 7]"); if (keep_groups == MaxKeepGroups) { cp_async_wait_group(); } else if constexpr (MaxKeepGroups > 0) { cp_async_wait_group_dispatch(keep_groups); } else { cp_async_wait_group<0>(); } } template __device__ __forceinline__ void cp_async_commit_group() { static_assert(Stages >= 1 && Stages <= 8, "FP8 GEMM stages must be in the range [1, 8]"); asm volatile("cp.async.commit_group;"); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Quantize kernel: BF16 -> FP8 (E4M3 or E5M2), fused amax over raw values. // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Convert one packed bf16 pair to one packed fp8 pair. amax sees the *raw* // (unscaled) values; the stored bytes see value * inv. Bit-identical to the // scalar __nv_fp8_*(q) constructor path (round-nearest-even + satfinite). template __device__ __forceinline__ unsigned quantize2(unsigned pair, float inv, float& amax) { const float lo = __bfloat162float(__ushort_as_bfloat16(pair & 0xffffu)); const float hi = __bfloat162float(__ushort_as_bfloat16(pair >> 16)); amax = fmaxf(amax, fmaxf(fabsf(lo), fabsf(hi))); constexpr __nv_fp8_interpretation_t kFmt = Fmt == FP8Format::E5M2 ? __NV_E5M2 : __NV_E4M3; return static_cast( __nv_cvt_float2_to_fp8x2(make_float2(lo * inv, hi * inv), __NV_SATFINITE, kFmt)); } template __global__ void fp8_quantize_kernel(FP8Params p) { const float inv = 1.0f / *p.scale_a; const auto* x = reinterpret_cast(p.a_ptr); void* x8 = p.out_ptr; float* amax = p.amax_a; float local_amax = 0.0f; const int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x; // Vectorized body: 8 bf16 (16B load) -> 8 fp8 (8B store) per step. Torch // allocations are >=16B aligned and the binding passes freshly allocated // contiguous buffers, so element 0 keeps the uint4/uint2 accesses // natural; a misaligned base (contiguous view with an odd storage // offset) falls back to the scalar loop below via total_vec = 0. const bool aligned = ((reinterpret_cast(x) | reinterpret_cast(x8)) & 15) == 0; const int64_t total_vec = aligned ? p.total / 8 : 0; const uint4* xv = reinterpret_cast(x); uint2* o8 = reinterpret_cast(x8); for (int64_t i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < total_vec; i += stride) { const uint4 v = xv[i]; const unsigned pair[4] = {v.x, v.y, v.z, v.w}; unsigned packed[2] = {0u, 0u}; #pragma unroll for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) packed[j >> 1] |= quantize2(pair[j], inv, local_amax) << (16 * (j & 1)); o8[i] = make_uint2(packed[0], packed[1]); } // Scalar tail (and full fallback for misaligned bases). for (int64_t i = total_vec * 8 + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < p.total; i += stride) { const float f = __bfloat162float(x[i]); local_amax = fmaxf(local_amax, fabsf(f)); if constexpr (Fmt == FP8Format::E5M2) { reinterpret_cast<__nv_fp8_e5m2*>(x8)[i] = __nv_fp8_e5m2(f * inv); } else { reinterpret_cast<__nv_fp8_e4m3*>(x8)[i] = __nv_fp8_e4m3(f * inv); } } if (amax) { local_amax = warp_reduce_max(local_amax); __shared__ float slots[32]; if ((threadIdx.x & 31) == 0) slots[threadIdx.x >> 5] = local_amax; __syncthreads(); if (threadIdx.x == 0) { float v = 0.0f; for (int w = 0; w < (blockDim.x >> 5); ++w) v = fmaxf(v, slots[w]); atomic_max_float(amax, v); } } } // Swizzled address inside a flat [rows * K] staging tile: the 16-byte chunk // index is XORed with row bits starting at bit 2. Unswizzled, a kK=32 row // spans only 8 words, so a warp's fragment load (8 consecutive rows x 4B, // e.g. a_row0+0..7) maps rows r and r+4 onto the same banks — a 2-way // conflict on every LDS. XORing the chunk index with row bit 2 shifts rows // 4..7 by one chunk so each warp's 32-word read hits all 32 banks exactly // once. Chunks stay contiguous, so the cp.async 16B staging path is // unaffected. Validated for kK=32 (2 chunks); larger power-of-two chunk // counts compile but need their own bank analysis. template __device__ __forceinline__ T8* tile_at(T8* tile, int row, int col) { constexpr int kChunks = K / 16; // 16B chunks per row static_assert(kChunks >= 1 && (kChunks & (kChunks - 1)) == 0, "swizzle needs a power-of-two 16B-chunk count"); return tile + row * K + ((((col >> 4) ^ ((row >> 2) & (kChunks - 1))) << 4) + (col & 15)); } // Stage-load one GEMM operand into the canonical flat [rows * K] shared tile // (addressing via tile_at, so stores land in the swizzled layout). The // transpose is folded into the staging step via a CUTLASS-style crosswise // layout: the congruous case copies 16-byte K-contiguous runs with cp.async, // while the transposed case reads 16-byte runs along the operand's contiguous // (non-contract) dim and scatters them across the tile's rows. `block_row` is // this block's origin in the operand's row dim; the caller restricts which // threads invoke it (all threads for A, the first 128 for B). template __device__ __forceinline__ void load_operand_tile( T8* tile, const T8* __restrict__ operand, int64_t rows, int64_t contract, int64_t ld, int tid, int64_t k_base, int64_t block_row) { if constexpr (Trans) { // Operand stored [contract][rows]: contiguous along the non-contract dim. const int rg = tid >> 5; // Rows / 16 row-groups const int kl = tid & 31; // K lanes const int64_t k_idx = k_base + kl; const int64_t r0 = block_row + rg * 16; const auto* src = operand + k_idx * ld + r0; const bool aligned = (reinterpret_cast(src) & 15) == 0; if (k_idx < contract && r0 + 15 < rows && aligned) { const uint4 v = *reinterpret_cast(src); const auto* bytes = reinterpret_cast(&v); // Scatter 16 bytes along the tile rows. The swizzle bit flips // every 4 rows ((rg*16 + i) >> 2 & 1 == (i >> 2) & 1), and the // physical column of row group g is kl ^ (16 * (g & 1)) — so the // whole 16-byte scatter is one base pointer plus two alternating // column offsets, no per-byte XOR in the address math. #pragma unroll for (int g = 0; g < 4; ++g) { T8* p = tile + (rg * 16 + 4 * g) * K + (g & 1 ? (kl ^ 16) : kl); p[0] = bytes[4 * g]; p[K] = bytes[4 * g + 1]; p[2 * K] = bytes[4 * g + 2]; p[3 * K] = bytes[4 * g + 3]; } } else { // Predicated fallback: same layout, byte-granular gather. const int col = kl; #pragma unroll for (int g = 0; g < 4; ++g) { const T8* src_g = operand + k_idx * ld + r0 + 4 * g; T8* p = tile + (rg * 16 + 4 * g) * K + (g & 1 ? (col ^ 16) : col); #pragma unroll for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { const int64_t r_idx = r0 + 4 * g + i; p[i * K] = (r_idx < rows && k_idx < contract) ? src_g[i] : T8(0.0f); } } } } else { // Operand stored [rows][contract]: contiguous along the contract dim. const int r = tid >> 1; const int c = (tid & 1) * 16; const int64_t row = block_row + r; // c is a multiple of 16, so the whole 16-byte run shares one chunk // and dst[i] addressing below matches tile_at(tile, r, c + i). T8* dst = tile_at(tile, r, c); const auto* src = operand + row * ld + k_base + c; const bool full = k_base + c + 15 < contract; if (row < rows && full && (reinterpret_cast(src) & 15) == 0) { cp_async_16b(dst, src, true); } else { #pragma unroll for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) dst[i] = row < rows && k_base + c + i < contract ? src[i] : T8(0.0f); } } } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pre-quantized GEMM kernel: FP8 A/B read straight into shared memory, FP32 // accumulation, BF16 or FP8 output. The input format follows Traits; the // tile is compact (row = kK bytes) so MMA fragments read directly — no // in-kernel transpose of the operands (the binding handles transposes). // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ldmatrix with per-lane addresses (unlike common/mma.cuh's single-address // helpers, the fragment tiles here are XOR-swizzled per 16B chunk, so each // lane computes its own row/chunk address). Layout contract for fp8 // m16n8k32 (values packed two-per-b16 slot, K-contiguous rows): // x4 (A fragment): lane i points at tile row (i>>3 & 1)*8 + (i&7) of // chunk (k_seg*2 + (i>>4)); reg j = matrix j = [row g][tig*4..+3] in // the order (rows 0-7 c, rows 8-15 c, rows 0-7 c+1, rows 8-15 c+1) — // exactly the mma.sync A operand layout. // x2 (B fragment): lane i points at tile row (i&7) of chunk // (k_seg*2 + ((i>>3) & 1)); reg j = [row(n) g][tig*4..+3] chunk c/c+1 // — exactly the mma.sync B operand layout (col operand, K-contiguous). __device__ __forceinline__ void ldsm_x2(unsigned r[2], unsigned addr) { asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x2.shared.b16 {%0,%1}, [%2];" : "=r"(r[0]), "=r"(r[1]) : "r"(addr)); } __device__ __forceinline__ void ldsm_x4(unsigned r[4], unsigned addr) { asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x4.shared.b16 {%0,%1,%2,%3}, [%4];" : "=r"(r[0]), "=r"(r[1]), "=r"(r[2]), "=r"(r[3]) : "r"(addr)); } // Swizzled 16B-chunk address (tile_at's layout) as a raw shared-memory // pointer for ldmatrix. Requires kK == 32 (2 chunks/row swizzle). template __device__ __forceinline__ unsigned frag_addr(const T8* tile, int row, int chunk) { static_assert(kK == 32, "fragment swizzle offsets assume kK == 32"); return __cvta_generic_to_shared( tile + row * kK + (((chunk ^ ((row >> 2) & 1)) << 4))); } // TransA / TransB select the operand memory layout. The kernel always computes // out[m][n] = sum_p tileA[m][p] * tileB[n][p] // with the tiles materialized in the canonical [M][kK] / [N][kK] layout, so the // MMA fragments are read identically regardless of layout. The two flags only // change how the stage-load gathers the operand from global memory: // TransA: tileA[m][p] = a[p*a_ld + m] (A stored [K][M], i.e. A^T) // else a[m*a_ld + p] (A stored [M][K]) // TransB: tileB[n][p] = b[n*b_ld + p] (B stored [N][K]) // else b[p*b_ld + n] (B stored [K][N], read transposed) template __global__ void __launch_bounds__(kWarps * 32, 2) fp8_gemm_kernel(FP8Params p) { using T8 = std::conditional_t; constexpr int kBlockM = Traits::kBlockM; constexpr int kBlockN = Traits::kBlockN; constexpr int kK = Traits::kK; constexpr int kStages = Traits::kStages; static_assert(kStages >= 1 && kStages <= 8, "FP8 GEMM stages must be in the range [1, 8]"); // Tiles are flat [rows * kK] with a 16B-chunk XOR swizzle (tile_at): // ldmatrix reads whole 16B chunks through the same mapping the staging // writes, and the swizzle removes the bank conflict the unswizzled // 8-word row stride caused (see tile_at). __shared__ __align__(16) T8 a_smem[kStages][kBlockM * kK]; __shared__ __align__(16) T8 b_smem[kStages][kBlockN * kK]; const auto* a = reinterpret_cast(p.a_ptr); const auto* b = reinterpret_cast(p.b_ptr); auto* out_bf16 = reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(p.out_ptr); auto* out_fp8 = reinterpret_cast<__nv_fp8_e4m3*>(p.out_ptr); const int64_t m = p.m, n = p.n, k = p.k; const int64_t a_ld = p.a_ld, b_ld = p.b_ld; const int tid = threadIdx.x; const int warp = tid >> 5; const int lane = tid & 31; const int group = lane >> 2; const int thread_in_group = lane & 3; // 128x128 CTA = 8 warps as 2x4 warp tiles of 64x32 (mt x nt = 4x4 MMA). constexpr int warps_n = kBlockN / 32; const int warp_m = warp / warps_n; const int warp_n = warp % warps_n; const int64_t row_base = blockIdx.y * kBlockM + warp_m * 64 + group; const int64_t output_col = blockIdx.x * kBlockN + warp_n * 32 + thread_in_group * 2; const int a_row0 = warp_m * 64; // + mt * 16 in the loop const int b_row0 = warp_n * 32; // + nt * 8 const float sa = *p.scale_a; const float sb = *p.scale_b; float acc[4][4][4] = {}; // [nt][mt][acc] // Both operands are staged into the canonical [M][kK] / [N][kK] shared // tiles regardless of their global layout (see load_operand_tile), so the // MMA fragment reads below stay unchanged across the four layout flags. // Each 128x32 tile is 256 16B chunks: one per thread. auto load_tile = [&](int stage, int64_t k_base) { // load_operand_tile's `Trans` means "the operand's contiguous dim is // the non-contract dim" (crosswise load). For A that is TransA; for B // the storage flag is inverted (TransB=true stores B as [N][K], i.e. // K-contiguous, which is the congruous case). load_operand_tile( a_smem[stage], a, m, k, a_ld, tid, k_base, blockIdx.y * kBlockM); load_operand_tile( b_smem[stage], b, n, k, b_ld, tid, k_base, blockIdx.x * kBlockN); }; const int64_t tile_count = (k + kK - 1) / kK; // Per-lane ldmatrix row/chunk selectors (see ldsm_x2/ldsm_x4 contract). const int r7 = lane & 7; // row within the 8-row matrix const int rh8 = (lane >> 3) & 1; // +8 rows (A: lanes 8-15, 24-31) const int rh16 = lane >> 4; // +1 chunk (A: lanes 16-31; B uses rh8) // Prime the pipeline. Each committed group occupies one circular shared // memory stage; the loop also handles K dimensions smaller than kStages. #pragma unroll for (int stage = 0; stage < kStages; ++stage) { if (stage < tile_count) { load_tile(stage, static_cast(stage) * kK); cp_async_commit_group(); } } for (int64_t tile_index = 0; tile_index < tile_count; ++tile_index) { const int stage = static_cast(tile_index % kStages); const int64_t remaining = tile_count - tile_index - 1; // Keep up to kStages - 1 younger groups in flight while making the // oldest group (the current stage) ready for consumption. const int keep_groups = remaining < kStages - 1 ? static_cast(remaining) : kStages - 1; cp_async_wait_group_dispatch(keep_groups); // Barrier 1: every thread's cp.async for this stage is complete // before any thread reads tiles written by other threads. __syncthreads(); // 4 ldmatrix.x2 (B) + 4 ldmatrix.x4 (A) feed 16 mma.sync per k_seg — // 0.5 load instructions per MMA, versus 4.5 scalar LDS per MMA in // the 128x64-tile version (the kernel was LSU-issue-bound there). #pragma unroll for (int k_seg = 0; k_seg < kK / kMmaK; ++k_seg) { unsigned b_frag[4][2]; #pragma unroll for (int nt = 0; nt < 4; ++nt) { const int row = b_row0 + nt * 8 + r7; ldsm_x2(b_frag[nt], frag_addr(b_smem[stage], row, k_seg * 2 + rh8)); } // Software-pipelined A fragments: the ldmatrix.x4 for row mt+1 // is issued before the MMAs consuming row mt, so the LDS fixed // latency hides behind tensor-pipe work (cuts the `wait` stall, // ~2.3 cycles/issue before this). Costs 4 extra registers. unsigned a_frag[5][4]; ldsm_x4(a_frag[0], frag_addr(a_smem[stage], a_row0 + rh8 * 8 + r7, k_seg * 2 + rh16)); #pragma unroll for (int mt = 0; mt < 4; ++mt) { if (mt < 3) ldsm_x4(a_frag[mt + 1], frag_addr( a_smem[stage], a_row0 + (mt + 1) * 16 + rh8 * 8 + r7, k_seg * 2 + rh16)); #pragma unroll for (int nt = 0; nt < 4; ++nt) astrai::mma_sync(acc[nt][mt], a_frag[mt], b_frag[nt], acc[nt][mt]); } } // Barrier 2: every thread finished reading this stage's tiles before // the prefetch for the (i+kStages)-th tile overwrites them. __syncthreads(); if (tile_index + kStages < tile_count) { load_tile(stage, (tile_index + kStages) * kK); cp_async_commit_group(); } } const float output_scale = sa * sb; const float o8_scale = OutFp8 ? output_scale * *p.out_scale : 0.0f; #pragma unroll for (int nt = 0; nt < 4; ++nt) { const int64_t col = output_col + nt * 8; // Per-row store: FP8 packs two adjacent columns into one 16-bit // write, BF16 into one 32-bit __nv_bfloat162 (single cvt+pack // instruction); boundary or unaligned columns fall back to scalar // converts so a pack never crosses the row edge or misaligns. auto store_out = [&](int64_t row, float v0, float v1) { if (row >= m) return; if constexpr (OutFp8) { if (col + 1 < n) { *reinterpret_cast(out_fp8 + row * n + col) = static_cast(__nv_cvt_float2_to_fp8x2( make_float2(v0 * o8_scale, v1 * o8_scale), __NV_SATFINITE, __NV_E4M3)); } else { out_fp8[row * n + col] = __nv_fp8_e4m3(v0 * o8_scale); } } else { auto* dst = out_bf16 + row * n + col; if (col + 1 < n && (reinterpret_cast(dst) & 3) == 0) { *reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat162*>(dst) = __floats2bfloat162_rn(v0 * output_scale, v1 * output_scale); } else { dst[0] = __float2bfloat16(v0 * output_scale); if (col + 1 < n) dst[1] = __float2bfloat16(v1 * output_scale); } } }; #pragma unroll for (int mt = 0; mt < 4; ++mt) { const int64_t row0 = row_base + mt * 16; float* tile_acc = acc[nt][mt]; if (col < n) { store_out(row0, tile_acc[0], tile_acc[1]); store_out(row0 + 8, tile_acc[2], tile_acc[3]); } } } } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Launchers — pure CUDA (no torch), usable from the binding and pure C tests. // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- template void launch_fp8_quantize(const FP8Params& p, cudaStream_t stream) { constexpr int kThreads = 256; // One block per 256 vectors (8 elements each); at least one block so the // scalar tail of a tiny / misaligned tensor is still covered. int64_t blocks = (p.total / 8 + kThreads - 1) / kThreads; if (blocks < 1) blocks = 1; fp8_quantize_kernel<<>>(p); } // Pre-quantized GEMM tile config: 128x128 CTA (8 warps x 64x32 warp tiles), // K=32, 3-stage pipeline (24KB smem -> 2 CTAs/SM). The wide warp tile plus // ldmatrix fragments lifts the LSU-issue bound of the old 128x64 config. // Stages remains an explicit template override for tuning. TransA/TransB // mirror the kernel template (defaults keep the NN layout: out = a @ b). template void launch_fp8_gemm(const FP8Params& p, cudaStream_t stream) { using Traits = Fp8GemmTraits; dim3 grid((p.n + Traits::kBlockN - 1) / Traits::kBlockN, (p.m + Traits::kBlockM - 1) / Traits::kBlockM); fp8_gemm_kernel<<>>(p); } } // namespace fp8